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Sub-Saharan African countries represent around one-third of the total, followed by Latin America and the Middle East (the latter 2 together accounting for over 40% of the overall). Including, there has been an (from 90.3 in 2000-04 to 92.6 and 92.3 in the 5 years pre- and post-pandemic ).

and ranked greater than others; UAE is up more than 45 locations in 2024 compared to 2000 while Qatar climbed up 24; both Saudi Arabia and Oman increased 17 ranks during the duration. The trapped or worse off countries are some parts of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa where structural change has actually stalled.
Optimizing Wealth Diversification for a Global Economyshows a substantial increase in average EDI scores from 86.8 in 2000-04 to 92.6 in 2020-24, (up more than 10 points in the preliminary period versus 2020-24). with UAE outshining in the trade sub-index (supported by recent bilateral trade agreements & non-oil exports push). vs its pre-pandemic reading (partially given the rise in medium & modern manufacturing information).
Its diversity metrics have stagnated, revealing the least improvement in between the preliminary (2000-04) and last (2020-24) reference periods., despite the headwinds of OPEC+ production cuts. A robust non-hydrocarbon expansion was supported by the GCC's robust domestic demand (supported by a strong job pipeline and implementation) and strong services sector efficiency.
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia clocked in an increase in non-hydrocarbon income, "primarily reflecting non-hydrocarbon tax base growths and profits collection performance enhancements", according to the IMF. In the existing geopolitical environment identified by intensifying, it is in the very best interests of commodity reliant countries to diversify its export base, exports and trade partners.
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