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Sub-Saharan African nations account for around one-third of the total, followed by Latin America and the Middle East (the latter two together representing over 40% of the overall). Consisting of, there has been an (from 90.3 in 2000-04 to 92.6 and 92.3 in the five years pre- and post-pandemic ).

and ranked greater than others; UAE is up more than 45 places in 2024 compared to 2000 while Qatar climbed up 24; both Saudi Arabia and Oman increased 17 ranks throughout the duration. The caught or even worse off nations are some parts of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa where structural improvement has actually stalled.
shows a significant increase in average EDI ratings from 86.8 in 2000-04 to 92.6 in 2020-24, (up more than 10 points in the initial duration versus 2020-24). with UAE exceeding in the trade sub-index (supported by recent bilateral trade contracts & non-oil exports push). vs its pre-pandemic reading (partly given the surge in medium & modern manufacturing data).
Its diversification metrics have stagnated, revealing the least enhancement between the preliminary (2000-04) and final (2020-24) recommendation periods., despite the headwinds of OPEC+ production cuts. A robust non-hydrocarbon expansion was supported by the GCC's robust domestic need (supported by a strong job pipeline and execution) and strong services sector performance.
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia clocked in an increase in non-hydrocarbon income, "primarily showing non-hydrocarbon tax base expansions and earnings collection performance enhancements", according to the IMF. In the existing geopolitical environment identified by heightening, it is in the very best interests of product dependent countries to diversify its export base, exports and trade partners.
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